Enhancing oil palm seedling growth through the utilization of guano in early nursery stage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35891/agx.v15i2.4527Keywords:
Guano, Oil palm seedling, Pre nursery, Phosphorus, VermicompostAbstract
Introduction: Oil palm nurseries are crucial to oil palm farming success. Thus, precise management measures from the start, such as giving nutrients and using optimal planting material, are essential. Vermicompost and guano were tested as organic fertilizers in oil palm fields to replace chemical fertilizers. This study aims to evaluate the effect of guano and vermicompost as organic fertilizers on the growth of oil palm seedlings during the pre-nursery stage. Methods: Besides the control group, the experimental treatments included 10% vermicompost, 20% vermicompost, 10% guano, and 20% guano, each replicated five times in a completely randomized design. Results: The introduction of 10% guano resulted in a significant enhancement across key growth metrics Addition of 10% guano had 20.0% more leaves, 22.5% more stem diameter, and 62.1% more shoot dry weight than the control group. This study shows that guano, which includes 19% P2O5, can boost oil palm seedling growth. The inceptisols was already rich in nutrients, thus vermicompost had no effect on it throughout the three-month testing. Since the soil conditions were good, vermicompost did not change them during the three-month trial. The correlation matrix showed a strong and constant link between seedling shoot and root fresh and dry weights. The relationship between organic fertilizers and oil palm nursery growth highlights the importance of a well-rounded plant development profile. This highlights the complex relationship between organic fertilizers and oil palm growth. Conclusion: Guano at 10% has been shown to improve oil palm seedling growth in the nursery phase, outperforming vermicompost.
References
Bhat, S. A., Singh, J., & Vig, A. P. (2018). Earthworms as organic waste managers and biofertilizer producers. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 9(7), 1073–1086. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-9899-8
Damanik, A., Rahayu, E., & Wilisiani, F. (2023). Pengaruh macam dan konsentrasi pupuk organik cair (bioslury, serum, urin) terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit [The effect of types and concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer (bioslury, serum, urine) on the growth of oil palm seedlings]. Jurnal, 1(1), 152–156.
Emerson, J. K., & Roark, A. M. (2007). Composition of guano produced by frugivorous, sanguivorous, and insectivorous bats. Acta Chiropterologica, 9(1), 261–267. https://doi.org/10.3161/150811007781694525
FAOSTAT. (2023). Crops and livestock products. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL
Geremu, T., Hailu, H., & Diriba, A. (2020). Evaluation of nutrient content of vermicompost made from different substrates at Mechara Agricultural Research Center on station, West Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 5(4), 125. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20200504.12
Kautsar, V., Cheng, W., Tawaraya, K., Yamada, S., Toriyama, K., & Kobayashi, K. (2020). Carbon and nitrogen stocks and their mineralization potentials are higher under organic than conventional farming practices in Japanese Andosols. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 66(1), 144–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2019.1705739
Kautsar, V., Ismawanto, D., & Parwati, W. D. U. (2022). The response of oil palm seedlings’ growth to vermicompost and water stress under the main nursery stage. Jurnal Pertanian Tropik, 9(3, Dec).
Kautsar, V., Tang, S., Kimani, S. M., Tawaraya, K., Wu, J., Toriyama, K., Kobayashi, K., & Cheng, W. (2022). Carbon decomposition and nitrogen mineralization of foxtail and milk vetch incorporated into paddy soils for different durations of organic farming. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 68(1), 158–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2021.2024424
Laksono, N. D., Setiawati, U., Nur, F., Rahmaningsih, M., Anwar, Y., Rusfiandi, H., Forster, B. P., Sembiring, E. H., Subbarao, A. S., & Zahara, H. (2019). Fertiliser programmes. In Nursery practices in oil palm: A manual (pp. 55–61). CAB International. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242140.0055
Lubis, R. E., & Widanarko, A. (2011). Buku pintar kelapa sawit [The smart book of oil palm]. AgroMedia.
Mahmud, M., Abdullah, R., & Yaacob, J. S. (2018). Effect of vermicompost amendment on nutritional status of sandy loam soil, growth performance, and yield of pineapple (Ananas comosus var. MD2) under field conditions. Agronomy, 8(9), Article 183. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8090183
Muryanto, & Lidar, S. (2020). Guano fertilizer applications to improve growth of palm oil seeds (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) in pre-nursery. Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian, 16(2), Article 111. https://doi.org/10.31849/jip.v16i2.3608
Pahan, I. (2021). Panduan budidaya kelapa sawit untuk pekebun [Oil palm cultivation guide for planters]. Penebar Swadaya.
Pessarakli, M. (Ed.). (2002). Handbook of plant and crop physiology (2nd ed., rev. expanded). M. Dekker.
Safitri, L., Hermantoro, H., Purboseno, S., Kautsar, V., Saptomo, S., & Kurniawan, A. (2018). Water footprint and crop water usage of oil palm (Eleasis guineensis) in Central Kalimantan: Environmental sustainability indicators for different crop age and soil conditions. Water, 11(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010035
Santika, T., Wilson, K. A., Budiharta, S., Law, E. A., Poh, T. M., Ancrenaz, M., Struebig, M. J., & Meijaard, E. (2019). Does oil palm agriculture help alleviate poverty? A multidimensional counterfactual assessment of oil palm development in Indonesia. World Development, 120, 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.04.012
Sipayung, D. A., Aryanti, N. M. T., & Astuti, Y. T. M. (2023). Pengaruh konsentrasi dan cara aplikasi eco enzyme terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit di pre nursery [The effect of concentration and method of application of eco enzyme on the growth of oil palm seedlings in pre nursery]. Jurnal, 1(1), 90–94.
Starr, C., Evers, C. A., & Starr, L. (2010). Biology: Today and tomorrow: With physiology. Brooks/Cole.
Utami, E. P., Heryani, I., & Chaidir, L. (2021). Pengaruh pupuk guano dan media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman buncis tegak [The effect of guano fertilizer and planting media on the growth and yield of upright bean plants]. Jurnal AGRO, 8(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.15575/10303
*Wijayanti, Y., & Setyandito, O. (2018). Groundwater recharge pattern in agricultural area. AGROISTA : Jurnal Agroteknologi, 1(2).
Xu, Y., Yu, L., Li, W., Ciais, P., Cheng, Y., & Gong, P. (2020). Annual oil palm plantation maps in Malaysia and Indonesia from 2001 to 2016. Earth System Science Data, 12(2), 847–867. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-847-2020
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Notice
The author sends the manuscript with the understanding that if accepted for publication, the copyright of the article belongs to the author and retains publishing rights without restriction.
Copyright includes the non-exclusive right to reproduce and submit articles in all forms and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilm, and other similar reproductions, as well as translations. Reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in the database and its transmission by all forms of media, such as electronic, electrostatic and mechanical copies, photocopying, recording, magnetic media, etc.
The journal editorial board makes every effort to ensure that no false or misleading data, opinions, or statements are published in the journal. Either way, the contents of articles and advertisements published in journals are the sole and exclusive responsibility of each writer and advertiser.
All articles published Open Access will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download. We are continuously working with our author communities to select the best choice of license options, currently being defined for this journal as follows: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Download Template
