The Transformation of the Islamic Education System during the Umayyad and Abbasid Dynasties: A Historical-Comparative Study
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Keywords:
Islamic Education, Umayyad Dynasty, Abbasid Dynasty, History of Education, Bayt al-HikmahAbstract
This study aims to analyze the growth and development of Islamic education during the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties, focusing on their characteristics, institutional systems, and contributions to Islamic civilization. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a historical-comparative approach, based on a review of primary and secondary literature sources. The findings indicate that the Umayyad dynasty pioneered the institutionalization of Islamic education through the establishment of kuttab schools and mosques as centers of learning, along with the Arabization policy that strengthened Arabic as the language of scholarship. Meanwhile, the Abbasid dynasty reached the peak of Islamic educational progress with the establishment of Bayt al-Hikmah (House of Wisdom) and the development of madrasahs that integrated religious and rational sciences. Political, economic, and sociocultural factors significantly influenced these dynamics. Both dynasties played a crucial role in shaping a systematic, rational, and cosmopolitan intellectual tradition that laid the foundation for modern Islamic education.
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